In vitro reduction of zearalenone to beta-zearalenol by rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss] hepatic microsomal and post-mitochondrial subfractions

Mycoestrogen zearalenone [ZEA] is found in human foods and animal feeds. Its estrogenic potency mainly depends on its biotransformation fate. The hepatic biotransformation of ZEA in rainbow trout was investigated in this study. Various concentrations of ZEA were separately incubated with the hepatic microsomal and post-mitochondrial sub-fractions in the presence of NADPH, and the metabolites were determined by means of HPLC. Moreover, the rate of glucuronidation for ZEA and its reduced metabolites were estimated in the presence of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid. beta-zearalenol [beta-ZOL] was found to be the major metabolite of ZEA by both sub-cellular fractions. The enzymatic kinetics analyses indicated that the alpha-ZOL and beta-ZOL production by microsomal fraction were 8- and 2-fold higher than those by post-mitochondrial fraction, respectively. High percentages of ZEA and its metabolites are conjugated with glucuronic acid at the lower concentrations. Data suggest that the hepatic biotransformation of ZEA in rainbow trout resulted in its detoxification as the main metabolite tends to be beta-ZOL with weak estrogenic property. Moreover, at certain concentrations, the produced metabolites are entirely conjugated with glucuronic acid, which may consequently cause a prolonged duration of action due to entero-hepatic cycle

evaluation of ovarian cancer symptoms and risk factors in patients of hazrat-e-rasool and Shahid Akbarabadi hospitals

Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy. New methods for detecting this cancer, has no significant effect on patients survival. One of the most important reasons is this fact that patients detect lately. Therefore identification of this cancer symptoms and signs can be effective in its early diagnose and reduction of mortality. This investigation was a cross sectional study that was performed on 89 patients with ovarian cancer and 89 people as control group. The collection of data was done to according of questionnaire of ovarian cancer risk factors and patients complains. Then data was compared between two groups and analyzed by SPSS version 16 software. The incidence of ovarian cancer was 0.67%. 20.8% of patient group had infertility or nulliparity history. Incidence of cancer in these patients significantly was more than other in this group [p=0.03]. Using oral contraceptive has a prophylactic effect [p<0.01]. The correlation between breast cancer history and incidence of ovarian cancer was significant [p<0. 01]. Abdominal pain, sense of abdomen or pelvic mass, infertility, gastrointestinal problems and abnormal uterine bleeding must be considered as other important symptoms as well. According to results of investigation, incidence of mentioned symptoms must be noticed for rule out of ovarian cancer, specifically in patients who have ovarian cancer risk factors

Assessment of the effects of increased intravenous hydration on the course of labor in nulliparous term pregnancies

Physiologists have shown that increased fluids improve skeletal muscle performance in prolonged exercise. Typical orders provide for 125 mL of intravenous fluids per hour in patients taking limited oral fluids during labor. Our purpose in this study was to determine whether increased intravenous fluids affect the progress of labor. In a prospective randomized institutional clinical trial, one-hundred ninety-four nulliparous women with uncomplicated singleton gestations at term in spontaneous active labor with dilatation 2-5 cm and a cephalic presentation were selected. 82 were designed to receive 250 mL per hour of intravenous normal saline in dextrose water [first group], and 112 to receive 125 mL per hour of the same solution [2[nd] or control group].Prerandomization variables such as mother's age, weight, previous pregnancy history, general health, sex and weight of the newborn, rupture of the membranes and presenting part were balanced between the two groups.The frequency of labor lasting >10 hours was statistically higher in the 125mL group [[16.7%] vs [7.4%] p<0.0002].This study showed that increasing fluid administration for nulliparous women in labor is associated with a shorter duration of the first stage and possibly less need for augmentation of uterine contraction [[4.8% vs 6.25%] p= 0.002]. Thus dehydration in labor may be a contributing factor for dysfunctional labor and need for cesarean-section, and oxytocin infusion

Comparative study of perinatal outcome of growth restricted fetuses in hypertensive mothers versus other causative factors

From July 1998 to November 1999 we have followed up 15712 deliveries [12044 vaginal and 3668 cesarean section] in our hospital. Among these, 182 cases were primarily diagnosed as intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR] and 248 pregnancies were complicated with hypertensive disorders. In these two groups we have investigated the outcome of the neonates. Neonatal weight under the 10th percentile in these two groups was 1.63% and 36.3% and perinatal mortality was 4.4% and 6.1% respectively [p<0.05], due to the much higher incidence of IUGR and greater perinatal mortality in hypertensive pregnant women as compared with the general obstetric population. We conclude that it is valuable to manage close observation in all cases of pregnancy induced or aggravated hypertension